An Investigation of Nurses' Role in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV at Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains one of the primary routes through which children become infected with HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized the prevention of MTCT as part of its global strategy to eliminate new HIV infections in children. In Nigeria, MTCT is a significant public health challenge, contributing to the country's high burden of pediatric HIV cases. The Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) program, which includes interventions such as antiretroviral therapy (ART), counseling, and safe delivery practices, has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of HIV transmission during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding.
Nurses are crucial in the implementation of PMTCT protocols, providing education, counseling, and direct care for HIV-positive mothers and their infants. However, despite the availability of these protocols, challenges such as stigma, lack of resources, and inadequate training can hinder the effective implementation of PMTCT interventions in some healthcare settings. Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital is a tertiary healthcare facility that serves as a referral center in the Southeastern region of Nigeria. This makes it an ideal site for evaluating nurses' roles in PMTCT and identifying barriers to effective implementation.
Statement of the Problem
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains a significant issue in Nigeria, despite the availability of PMTCT interventions. Nurses play a key role in the prevention and management of MTCT, but their knowledge and implementation of these interventions may be compromised by factors such as lack of training, stigma, and inadequate resources. Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital provides maternal and child health services, but the effectiveness of nurses in preventing MTCT has not been comprehensively assessed.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the knowledge and understanding of nurses regarding the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV at Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital.
- To evaluate the implementation of PMTCT interventions by nurses at the hospital.
- To identify the barriers to effective implementation of PMTCT and propose strategies to overcome these challenges.
Research Questions
- What is the level of knowledge among nurses regarding the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
- How effectively do nurses implement PMTCT interventions at Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital?
- What barriers do nurses face in the implementation of PMTCT, and how can these barriers be addressed?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses at Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital have adequate knowledge of PMTCT protocols.
- There is a significant relationship between nurses' knowledge of PMTCT and their implementation of prevention strategies.
- Addressing identified barriers will significantly improve the implementation of PMTCT by nurses.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on nurses working in the maternal and child health departments at Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital. It will evaluate their knowledge and implementation of PMTCT protocols. Limitations may include a reliance on self-reported data and the potential for non-responses or reluctance to disclose barriers due to stigma or fear of reprimand.
Definition of Terms
- Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT): The transmission of HIV from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
- Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT): A series of interventions, including antiretroviral therapy, counseling, and safe delivery practices, aimed at reducing the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child.
- Implementation: The process of putting a decision or plan into effect.
- Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital: A tertiary healthcare facility in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, offering specialized services in maternal and child health.
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